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Monday, September 26, 2011

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SYED NABILAH IBRAHIM BIN SYED ZAHID

01PSB10F1041

SEMESTA 6
























FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
IDENTIFICATION
fire protection systems and fire fighting or fire protection is a system that required installation on a building to be constructed. With this system in the building, it can protect and save the lives of the residents of the building. Each installation of fire protection systems including fire protection and must act according to standards appropriate to the building.
Before a building can be occupied or unoccupied, the building must be checked in advance by the Fire and Rescue Department for approval (CF), which occupied the building safe. Which is like the door of the fire protection fire resistance.

Fire Protection
1. Passive protection of exit access appliance fire safety
2. active protection systems that use water extinguishers
• Fire hydrant
• automatic water spray system
• wet shower systems
• shower system of dry
• hose reel
• Help start a channel system (hose reel) using a gas extinguishing system fire alarm system

FIRE PROTECTION (PASSIVE SYSTEMS)
Introduction
Associated with the element-element in the structure of capable perform his functions for the purpose of:
i. provide protection to building occupants from injury during a fire in the building
ii. provide protection to occupants from injury during the escape from the building during a fire
iii. facilitate the rescue of emergency duties.
iv. spreaded avoid fire and smoke from a building to another building.
v. The protection of property from destruction by fire.
In addition, this system is also capable
i. Make way for fire protection to building occupants safe during emergency.
ii. Gave way to the protection of fire fighters carrying out emergency duties safely during emergency.
Table UBBL found in 1984 in connection with this system is the
i. Sixth Schedule
ii. Seventh Schedule
iii. Eighth Schedule
iv. Ninth Schedule
Added another:
• Level of security exit stage horizontal
• vertical
• The last stage exit

Conditions of security solutions
• Free from obstructions
• Gates
• Check out the fire resistance mounted on the emergency lane.
• Emergency Lighting
• Have adequate ventilation and lighting
Ventilation
This system is very important to building occupants and members of the Fire Department to ensure the safety of the occupants out of the building to escape, and while it also facilitates iti duties of the Fire Rescue and fire-fighting.
The purpose was held
i. To provide ventilation to the streets out of safety such as fire fighting lobby, staircase and corridor safety control.
ii. Prevent the entry of smoke into the protected area.
iii. Kemerebakan reduce the fire caused by the smoke.
Sisten types found in building ventilation is normal penggudaraan windows and open structure.
Exposure
Is an element of support to the passive protection that it gives light to all password security and a place where all the exit routes are marked. Lighting is to help residents and fire fighters to find ways to safely exit or enter the building during a fire emergency.
ii. Fire appliance access
• All buildings with a volume of 7000m ³ over, required adjacent to the road or street or open area.
• The width of the entrance of the size of the building such as this should not be less than 12 (two-way street), 6m (one-way) and it is used as a fire equipment access.
Calculation:
Volume of Building =
Building Perimeter =
Access Equipment Fire = perimeter building × the minimum distance
iii. Space-fighting access.
• The access to the fire-fighting equipment housed in fire-fighting access area.
1. Dry shower valve system platforms and two wet shower system. hose and nozzle
3. Elevator Fire
4. ladder safety
5. Fire phone
6. ventilation and lighting systems
7. separator switch electrical appliances
• Fire Access Roads

FIRE PROTECTION (ACTIVE SYSTEM)
- In connection with the distribution and design of fire control equipment
- Operation automatic and with the help of hand (manual)
- Perletakannya permanent (fixed) or can be removed (moveble)
- Among the equipment:
a) fire hydrant
b) coil system hose (hose reel)
c) water spray system (sprinkler system)
d) smoke and heat detection system (smoke and heat detector)
e) a mechanical ventilation system (mechanical ventilation)
f) fire extinguishing aids hand (fire extinguishers) Type: Water, dry powder, carbon dioxide (CO2), foam (foam) and halon.

i. extinguishing system that uses water
• fire hydrant
• automatic water spray system
• wet shower systems
• Dry
• shower system of Bantu channel system starts (hose reel)
ii. extinguishing systems using gas
fire alarm system system extinguishing systems that use water Hydrants

- Ladder safety is placed in the adjacent open space
- This is menghampirkan kedudukkan stairs to the open space
- Public access to the ladder is very simple.
- Ladder safety is connecting each floor level.
- Ladder safety is leading directly to the assembly areas that have been proposed.

ASSEMBLY AREA
In buildings classified as assembly or institution building, access roads to the assembly areas should be provided separately or shielded to prevent hazards from exposure to the consumer. Assembly areas should be provided to allow the public to congregate there in the event of fire.
- There is a staircase that connects the basement of the building located at the tip.
- On the staircase is built fires on the thickness of the retaining wall 230 is in compliance with fire and UBBL.
- In addition, there are also routes through the route the car out.


GENSET INSTALLATION RECOMMENDATION
A Location
A.1 D.G. room should be located considering wind direction and there should be no obstruction to natural wind flow.
A.2 Position the generator set so that the prevailing wind do not enter into the radiator / exhaust outlet. If this is not possible, install a wind barrier. Distance of the wind barrier from the room should be atleast three times radiator core height. atmosphere like acidic fumes, cement dust, stone dust cotton fibres, furnace chemicals etc. wherever possible.
A.4 In case location is dusty or polluted, contact OEM/ Cummins. Heavy duty air cleaner is must for such installations. Heat exchanger cooled system is recommended for such installations as radiator gets clogged in dusty atmosphere.
A.5 For humid / coastal atmospheric applications, anti condensation heaters are mandatory for alternator.
A.6 Genset should be nearer to the load centre.

B Room Layout
B.1 Typical 2-meters free space around genset is recommended for proper heat dissipation and ease of service. However, to avoid hot air recirculation radiator cooled engines should have minimum possible space in the front. Minimum 1.5 meter free space is a must for 100 KVA and bigger gensets, for smaller gensets it should be 1 meter.
B.2 In case of multiple sets provide minimum 2 meters clearance between gensets.
B.3 Future expansion plans should be considered while deciding room size.
B.4 Enough opening / shutters should be provided to the D.G. room so that entry and placement of D.G. set is possible easily.

C. Room Ventilation
C.1 Ventilation of the generator room is necessary to remove heat and fumes dissipated by the engine, alternator and its accessories and to provide clean and fresh combustion air. Ventilation requirement is mandatory for all engines.
C.2 Cross ventilation and free flow of cool, clean and fresh air is must for satisfactory operation of DG set. Air should flow from alternator end to engine.
C.3 For radiator cooled engines opening in front of radiator should be 1.5 times radiator core and at back 2.25 to 3 times radiator core. Ducting in front of radiator is recommended, however it is not mandatory. If exact opening in front of the radiator is not possible then ducting should be done to take out hot air. If opening in the back side of genset is not possible then opening on both sides of genset at the rear of the alternator may be acceptable. In this case total openings in two side walls should be atleast 3 times radiator core.
C.4 Additional ventilation arrangement may be required for radiator cooled engines installed in acoustic rooms/ enclosures. Typical arrangements is shown in C.4. Radiator cooled engines may create slight negative pressure inside the genset room / enclosure. Maximum static restriction should not increase 6-mm of water column.
C.5 Typically for heat exchanger cooled engines, forced ventilation is required. This can be achieved by - A) Providing forced air / axial flow fans at the rear side of the genset as shown in C.5 (A). Suitable openings in front (similar to that for radiator cooled genset) should be provided.
B) Suction fan/s at front as shown in C.5(B). Multiple
exhaust fans may be required to generate sufficient air flow in the room. Suitable opening at rear side of genset (similar to that for radiator cooled genset) should be provided. In both the cases care should be taken to avoid recirculation of hot air. In some cases, it may also be achieved by proper natural ventilation.
C.6 For basement installations, supply of fresh air and forced ventilation through air ducts is required to remove heat.
C.7 Please refer to Table 1 for values of air required and fan flows for various gensets rated at 1500 rpm. Values mentioned in table are with lagged exhaust piping in the room and silencer fitted outside the room.
C.8 Maximum allowed temperature rise above ambient in genset room / enclosure is : Max. Ambient Allowable temp. Rise Upto 40o C 10o C Above 40o C 5o C Please note that appropriate deration may be applicable considering altitude and temperature for a particular engine/ alternator model. For higher ambient temperature, it is suggested to use ambieter (air handling system with cooler) to reduce genset room temperature and ventilation air requirement.
C.9 Field Check for Proper Ventilation
1. Run the engine on full load / typical load for about 1 hour so that temperature in the genset room gets stabilised.

2. Measure the ambient air temperature (ambient temperature should be measured outside the genset
room in shade).
3. Measure the temperature inside the genset room. Genset room temperature should be measured near air cleaner inlet of engine.
4. Calculate temperature difference between genset room temperature and ambient i.e. delta T. Sometimes to ensure proper ventilation, it may be necessary to measure actual airflow by anemometer.
C.10 Suitable deration is required in case of ducting of alternator air inlet and outlet. For details please refer to OEM.

D Foundation
D.1 Do not install genset on loose sand or clay.
D.2 Foundation should be designed considering safe bearing capacity of soil. Vibration isolators (AVMs) reduce generator set vibration and noise transmission to the surrounding structure. Hence they are recommended, however they are not mandatory.
D.3 If foundation is with anchor bolts, higher depths of foundation is required as compared to mounting on AVMs. Please refer attached table for depths of PCC (Plain Cement Concrete) for typical soil condition, however structural engineer should be consulted to verify the data depending upon soil condition. If RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete) is used the depth of foundation can be reduced as per recommendation of structural / civil engineer. Pockets (150 mm x 150 mm) are required if foundation bolts are to be used. For AVMs plain foundation is adequate. Static and dynamic load data for foundation design can be furnished on request.
D.4 The length and breadth of foundation should be at least 150-300 mm (6-12”) more than base rail length and breadth respectively.
D.5 Ensure that the concrete is completely set and hardened before positioning the generator set.
D.6 It is recommended to have foundation height about 100- 150 mm above ground level, it helps to maintain cleanliness of genset.
D.7 Check the foundation level diagonally as well as across the length for even flatness. The foundation should be within ± 0.5o of any horizontal plane.
D.8 The base rail of genset should be leveled using shims before grouting with foundation bolts. Care should be taken so that the shims are placed on both sides of foundation bolts. If shims increase above 1.5 mm then machined spacer plates should be used in combination with shims.



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